INDIVIDUALIZATION OF PHYSICAL TRAINING OF SWIMMERS OF DIFFERENT STYLES

Abstract

Swimming as a sport consists of four main styles: breaststroke (freestyle), backstroke, breaststroke and butterfly. Each of these styles has its own physiological requirements and technical features, which impose specific requirements on the training of athletes. For example, the butterfly requires significant strength of the muscles of the shoulder girdle and back, and the breaststroke requires a harmonious combination of the strength of the muscles of the hips and core. Freestyle involves developing endurance and leg strength, while backstroke focuses on coordination and maintaining stability. Given such diverse requirements, a one-size-fits-all approach to training swimmers is gradually becoming ineffective. Individualization of the training process is aimed at creating a program that takes into account the physiological characteristics of each athlete and his specialization in one or more swimming styles. This approach allows trainers to adapt training, focusing on the specifics of technique and development of key muscle groups required for a certain style. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the main approaches to the individualization of physical training of swimmers taking into account different swimming styles. The main principles that affect the individualization of swimming training are based on the peculiarities of the physical, technical and psychological training of athletes. An individual approach allows coaches to develop programs that are best suited for the development of a particular swimmer. To improve the results of swimmers, depending on their main style, various training methods are used, aimed at developing specific physical qualities and improving technical elements. During the research, it was found that the specific training needs of swimmers of different styles differ significantly and depend both on the style and on the individual physical characteristics of the athletes. The study showed that the individualization of physical training of swimmers, taking into account the swimming style and physiological characteristics of the athlete, significantly improves sports results. The main aspects of individualization are the adaptation of loads for a certain style of swimming, work with specific muscle groups and improvement of swimming technique. The implementation of individual training programs allows you to avoid injuries, increases the motivation of athletes and improves their ability to achieve high results.